What is propaganda?
Propaganda is a form of communication that is aimed towards the manipulation of public opinion (Thinkquest, n.d). The exact definition of propaganda is still up to debate; some argue that all forms of communication influence and manipulate opinion in one form or another, others hold that propaganda is specifically targeted towards the altering of political views.
The word 'propaganda' is rooted in the word 'propagate'; that is, to spread and promote. However, the actual word 'propaganda' did not come into existence until the 15th century, when the Catholic Church set up a branch called the Congregatio de Propaganda Fide, informally known as Propaganda. The term came into widespread usage in World War I and started to have negative connotations after being associated with politics.
The word 'propaganda' is rooted in the word 'propagate'; that is, to spread and promote. However, the actual word 'propaganda' did not come into existence until the 15th century, when the Catholic Church set up a branch called the Congregatio de Propaganda Fide, informally known as Propaganda. The term came into widespread usage in World War I and started to have negative connotations after being associated with politics.
Our program necessarily includes the propaganda of atheism.-Lenin
Types of propaganda Techniques
1. Bandwagon
Propagandists use this technique to persuade people to join the crowd. It creates the impression of widespread support and appeals to the human need to be on the winning side
2. Name Calling
Name calling allows propagandists to create hate and fear in their desired target audience by using negative words.
3. Glittering Generalities
Glittering generalities refers to the usage of words and phrases associated with lofty values (attributes such as honor, loyalty and bravery) to appeal to a target audience's emotions. Often, the words used will have any supporting reasoning or information behind it.
4. Transfer
Transfer is used to carry over the authority and approval of something that has been accepted by society to push forward an agenda or an unpalatable idea that the propagandist would have us accept. The propagandist may also choose to associate certain kinds of positive imagery (such as waving a flag) with something less positive
5. Testimonial
Propagandists use this technique to tie a cause and a respected figure together. This gives their cause a 'stamp of approval' by a well-known, public figure.
6. Plain Folks
This technique is used to convince the audience that the speaker/carrier of the message has their best interests at heart. By using ordinary/colloquial language, the propagandist is able to better reach to the audience and identify with their point of view.
7. Card Stacking
The propagandist uses this technique to make most convincing case possible for their side while simultaneously discrediting the opposing side(s) by selectively including facts that support his/her side of the argument.
Propagandists use this technique to persuade people to join the crowd. It creates the impression of widespread support and appeals to the human need to be on the winning side
2. Name Calling
Name calling allows propagandists to create hate and fear in their desired target audience by using negative words.
3. Glittering Generalities
Glittering generalities refers to the usage of words and phrases associated with lofty values (attributes such as honor, loyalty and bravery) to appeal to a target audience's emotions. Often, the words used will have any supporting reasoning or information behind it.
4. Transfer
Transfer is used to carry over the authority and approval of something that has been accepted by society to push forward an agenda or an unpalatable idea that the propagandist would have us accept. The propagandist may also choose to associate certain kinds of positive imagery (such as waving a flag) with something less positive
5. Testimonial
Propagandists use this technique to tie a cause and a respected figure together. This gives their cause a 'stamp of approval' by a well-known, public figure.
6. Plain Folks
This technique is used to convince the audience that the speaker/carrier of the message has their best interests at heart. By using ordinary/colloquial language, the propagandist is able to better reach to the audience and identify with their point of view.
7. Card Stacking
The propagandist uses this technique to make most convincing case possible for their side while simultaneously discrediting the opposing side(s) by selectively including facts that support his/her side of the argument.
'two legs good, four legs bad'-Usage of Propaganda in animal farm
In Animal Farm, there is more verbal propaganda than visual propaganda. One of the most famous maxims throughout the book is the cry of 'two legs good, four legs bad', denouncing humans as a whole. Snowball in part is responsible for the reduction of the Seven Commandments to a short phrase and ironically enough, this phrase is what drowns out his speeches and eventually leads to his downfall.
In Animal Farm, the pig responsible for the issuing of Napoleon's commands is Squealer. In the context of the Russian Revolution, Squealer stood for Pravda, a political newspaper. By aligning himself on the side of the oppressed, Squealer is able to futher
In Animal Farm, the pig responsible for the issuing of Napoleon's commands is Squealer. In the context of the Russian Revolution, Squealer stood for Pravda, a political newspaper. By aligning himself on the side of the oppressed, Squealer is able to futher